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Barium enema
A barium x-ray is a radiographic (X-ray) examination of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. More >>

Barium swallow (esophagram)
A barium swallow is a procedure used to examine your esophagus for abnormalities. More >>

Biopsy
A biopsy is a procedure performed to remove tissue or cells from the body for examination under a microscope. More >>

Bone marrow aspiration or biopsy
This procedure involves examining bone marrow fluid and/or solid bone marrow tissue. More >>

Bone scan
Technetium-99, a radioactive material, is used in a radionuclide bone scan. More >>

CA-125
This blood test is used to detect an elevated level of a protein antigen. More >>

Chest X-ray
This diagnostic test uses low levels of external radiation. More >>

Colposcopy
If a Pap test shows a significant abnormality, a colposcopy may be performed. More >>

Colonoscopy
This procedure allows the physician to view the entire length of the large intestine. More >>

Computer-aided detection
This technology acts like a computer’s “spell check” for mammography. More >>

CT (computerized tomography) scan
With a CT scan, the X-ray beam moves in a circle around the body. More >>

Cystoscopy (also called cystourethroscopy)
An examination in which a scope is inserted through the urethra. More >>

Cytogenetic analysis
A study of chromosomes conducted by specially educated health care professionals. More >>

Digital mammography
Digital mammography provides electronic images of the breasts that can be enhanced by computer technology. More >>

Digital rectal exam
This exam is a simple finger test typically conducted annually for men over age 50. More >>

Dilation and curettage (D&C)
A minor operation in which the cervix is dilated. More >>

Endometrial biopsy
A procedure in which an endometrial tissue sample is obtained. More >>

Endoscopic biopsies
This type of biopsy is performed through a fiberoptic endoscope. More >>

Endoscopic examinations
This is a procedure where an endoscope is inserted in a body cavity. More >>

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
An ERCP allows the physician to diagnose and treat problems in the liver, gallbladder, bile ducts and pancreas. More >>

Endoscopic ultrasound
This diagnostic test involves a physician inserting an endoscope through the mouth and stomach. More >>

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (also called EGD or upper endoscopy)
An EGD allows the physician to examine the inside of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum. More >>

Excretory Urogram
An X-ray of the urinary system that may show signs of cancer. More >>

Fine needle aspiration biopsy
This type of biopsy involves using a thin needle to remove very small pieces from a tumor. More >>

Flexible sigmoidoscopy
This diagnostic procedure allows the physician to examine the inside of a portion of the large intestine. More >>

Gallium scan
A Gallium scan helps identify abnormal or inflamed tissue in the body. More >>

Genetic Evaluation and Testing
There are different uses of genetic testing. More >>

Laboratory tests
These tests analyze blood, urine or body tissues. More >>

Laparoscopy
This test uses a tube with a light and a camera lens at the end (laparoscope) to examine organs. More >>

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
This diagnostic procedure produces detailed images of organs and structures within the body. More >>

Pap test
A Pap test is a way to examine cells collected from the cervix. More >>

Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography
During this test, a physician inserts a needle through the skin and into a bile duct in the liver. More >>

Physical examination
During a physical exam, a physician feels for swollen lymph nodes. More >>

Positron emission tomography (PET) scan
This procedure measures metabolic activity of the cells. More >>

Prostate specific antigen (PSA) test
PSA is a blood test that measures the level of prostate specific antigen. More >>

Rectal and anal ultrasounds
This imaging technique uses high-frequency sound waves and a computer to view the rectum. More >>

Screening computerized tomography (CT) scan
Recent studies indicate a CT scan may be effective for finding early-stage lung cancers. More >>

Sentinel node biopsy
This surgical procedure is used to determine if cancer cells have spread to the lymph nodes. More >>

Skin Cancer Screening
This physical examination is done by a doctor. More >>

Sputum cytology
This test studies phlegm cells under a microscope. More >>

Stereotactic breast biopsy
This test uses a special table and computerized digital imaging to find breast abnormalities for biopsy. More >>

Swallowing tests
During this test, a patient drinks small amounts of liquid containing barium. More >>

Transrectal ultrasound
This test uses sound wave echoes to create an image of the prostate gland. More >>

Transvaginal ultrasound (also called ultrasonography)
During this test, a doctor uses a small instrument, called a transducer. More >>

Ultrasound
This diagnostic test is used to assess soft tissue structures and organs. More >>

Ultrasound-guided biopsy
This image-guided diagnostic tool removes tissue from a suspicious area. More >>

Urine culture
A urine culture is used to identify disease-causing organisms in the kidneys and urinary tract. More >>

Urine cytology
This cytology exam of urine detects cancer and inflammatory diseases of the urinary tract. More >>

Wireless capsule endoscopy
This imaging test provides a more precise image inside the bowel. More >>

X-rays
X-rays use invisible electromagnetic energy beams to produce images of internal tissues, bones and organs. More >>