Anal Warts
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What are anal warts?
Anal warts, also called condyloma acuminata, are growths that can develop around or inside the anus. They are caused by certain types of the human papillomavirus (HPV) and may also appear in the genital area.
Anal warts often begin as very small bumps and may increase in size over time. Some people do not experience symptoms and may not realize the warts are present. Others may notice itching, irritation, bleeding, mucus drainage, or a feeling of a lump near the anus.
Because several conditions can cause similar symptoms, an evaluation by a colorectal specialist can help provide an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan.
What causes anal warts?
Anal warts are caused by certain strains of HPV, a common virus that spreads through skin-to-skin contact. HPV can be transmitted during sexual activity, but anal intercourse is not required for anal warts to develop.
Many people who carry HPV have no symptoms and may not know they have the virus.
Do anal warts need treatment?
In most cases, treatment is recommended to remove visible warts, relieve symptoms, and reduce the risk of further spread. Without treatment, warts may increase in size or number.
Some types of HPV are associated with a higher risk of anal cancer. While anal warts themselves do not necessarily become cancerous, it is important to have persistent or recurring lesions evaluated by a specialist.
What treatments are available for anal warts?
Treatment depends on the size, number, and location of the warts.
Options may include:
- Topical medications
- In-office procedures such as cryotherapy (freezing the warts)
- Surgical removal
Warts located inside the anal canal often require procedural or surgical treatment. Your colorectal specialist will recommend the approach that is most appropriate for your condition and goals.
Must I be hospitalized for surgical treatment?
Most procedures used to treat anal warts are performed in an outpatient setting, allowing you to return home the same day. Your clinician will discuss the setting and anesthesia options that best fit your treatment plan.
How long is recovery after treatment?
Recovery varies depending on the extent of treatment and the number of warts removed. Some people return to normal activities within a day or two, while others may need additional recovery time.
Mild to moderate discomfort is common after treatment, and your care team will provide guidance on managing symptoms and returning to work, exercise, and daily activities.
Can anal warts come back after treatment?
Recurrence is common because HPV can remain dormant in surrounding tissues even after visible warts are removed.
If new warts develop, they can often be treated during an office visit. Some patients may require additional procedures to manage recurrent disease. Regular follow-up can help identify and treat new lesions early.
Will I need follow-up care?
Yes. Follow-up appointments are an important part of treatment because new warts can develop months after initial treatment. Your specialist will recommend a follow-up schedule based on your individual needs and medical history.
How can I reduce the risk of recurrence or future HPV infection?
While no strategy can completely eliminate the risk of HPV exposure or recurrence, several steps may help reduce risk:
- Attend recommended follow-up appointments.
- Talk with your provider about whether HPV vaccination may be appropriate for you.
- Use barrier protection during sexual activity.
- Limit exposure to partners with known genital or anal warts.
- Encourage partners to seek medical evaluation if they have symptoms or concerns.
Because HPV can be present even when no symptoms are visible, regular medical follow-up remains important.