Water Beads: A Safety Hazard for Children

Water beads continue to post a health hazard for children, according to a study presented at the 2024 National Conference and Exhibition hosted by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Researchers found that over the past decade, the number of cases of children swallowing water beads and experiencing intestinal blockage has increased.

“Water beads, which are colorful gel balls often sold as toys and used in vases and air fresheners, can cause life-threatening health complications if they are swallowed or put in the ears or nostrils,” says pediatric hospitalist Richard Mazzaccaro, MD, PhD, with Lehigh Valley Reilly Children’s Hospital.

To help parents and guardians protect their children, Dr. Mazzaccaro shares important information about water beads below:

While water beads start out small, they are made to absorb water and increase in size. In addition to being a choking hazard when swallowed, if they grow too large and cannot pass through the digestive system, they can cause a life-threatening bowel obstruction – which often requires surgical intervention. This is most common with bigger beads, which are three centimeters (over one inch) in diameter or larger.

“This isn’t just a possibility or warning – there have been actual cases of bowel obstructions caused by water beads reported over the last few years,” Dr. Mazzaccaro says.

There have also been cases of children putting the beads in their ears, which has led to ear infections, ear drum damage and temporary and permanent hearing loss.

Because of the dangers associated with water beads, Dr. Mazzaccaro recommends not allowing children of any age to use them as a toy.

“If you are going to use them as a decoration in your home, make sure you keep them out of reach from toddlers and school-aged children,” he says.

If you think your child may have ingested water beads and they are experiencing any of the following symptoms, it is best to bring them to an emergency room (like the Children’s Hospital’s Breidegam Family Children’s ER, which is the region’s only 24/7 emergency room specifically for kids) as soon as possible:

• Abdominal pain and/or swelling
• Excessive coughing/gagging
• Excessive drooling
• Feeling like something is stuck in their throat or chest
• Trouble swallowing
• Unusual or consistent loss of appetite
• Vomiting
• Wheezing or breathing that is unusually fast or hard

However, if you suspect your child has swallowed water beads (or put them in their ears or nostrils), but they aren’t experiencing any symptoms, you should call their pediatrician for guidance on next steps.

“The risk of serious complications depends on the size of the water bead, how many were swallowed or put in the body, and how old your child is,” Dr. Mazzaccaro says. “Taking all of those factors into account, your child’s pediatrician can help you decide if you should go to the emergency room or if you can closely observe them at home.”

While Dr. Mazzaccaro says it’s important to know what to do in the worst-case scenario, he emphasizes the importance of prevention to avoid any life-threatening complications.

“It’s a cliché, but truly, an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure – especially when it comes to water beads and other dangerous items that children can ingest,” he says.